Yes, you can inflate a car tire with a bike pump. However, doing so will be time-consuming.
While their sizes are different, a bike tire and car tire work in the same way. So, a bike pump can fill up a car tire, as long as you’ve got the right attachment to fit onto your tire’s nozzle.
Tires are massive, however, and even adding a little air can take a lot of pumping. It’s probably easier to drive to the gas station and use the air filling station. But if your heart is set, go for it! It isn’t bad for the tire.